Pediatrics & Neonatology
Volume 49, Issue 4 , Pages 103-112 , August 2008

Enterovirus 71 in Taiwan

  • Luan-Yin Chang

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10016, Taiwan

Received 3 August 2007 ,Revised 7 July 2008 ,Accepted 28 August 2008.

References 

  1. Schmidt NJ , Lennette EH , Ho HH . An apparently new enterovirus isolated from patients with disease of the central nervous system . J Infect Dis . 1974;129:304–309
  2. Shindarov LM , Chumakov MP , Voroshilova MK , et al.   Epidemiological, clinical and pathomorphological characteristics of epidemic poliomyelitis-like disease caused by entero virus 71 . J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol . 1979;23:284–295
  3. Nagy G , Takatsy S , Kukan E , Mihaly I , Domok I . Virological diagnosis of enterovirus type 71 infections: experiences gained during an epidemic of acute CNS diseases in Hungary in 1978 . Arch Virol . 1982;71:217–227
  4. Chan LG , Parashar UD , Lye MS , et al.   Deaths of children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sarawak, Malaysia: clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease . Clin Infect Dis . 2000;31:678–683
  5. Ho M , Chen ER , Hsu KH , et al.   An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan . N Eng J Med . 1999;341:929–935
  6. Chang LY , CC King , KH Hsu , et al.   Risk factors of enterovirus 71 infection and associated hand-foot-mouth-disease/herpangina in children. Pediatrics 2002;109:e88. 7. Lu CY, Lee CY, Kao CL, et al. Incidence and case–fatality rates resulting from the 1998 enterovirus 71 outbreak in Taiwan . J Med Virol . 2002;67:217–223
  7. Chu PY , Lin KH , Hwang KP , et al.   Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 in Taiwan . Arch Virol . 2001;146:589–600
  8. Chang LY , Lee CY , Kao CL , et al.   Hand, foot and mouth disease complicated with central nervous system involvement in Taiwan in 1980-1981 . J Formos Med Assoc . 2007;106:173–176
  9. Wu TN , Tsai SF , Li SF , et al.   Sentinel surveillance of enterovirus 71, Taiwan, 1998 . Emerg Infect Dis . 1999;5:458–460
  10. Chen SC , Chang HL , Yan TR , Cheng YT , Chen KT . An eight-year study of epidemiologic features of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan . Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2007;77:188–191
  11. Taiwan CDC . Locations of 13 Contract Laboratories . Available at: http://www.cdc.gov.tw/index_info.asp?p_data_id_2=331&act=init [Date accessed: August 13, 2008]
  12. Chen KT , Chang HL , Wang ST , Cheng YT , Yang JY . Epidemiologic features of hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina caused by enterovirus 71 in Taiwan, 1998-2005 . Pediatrics . 2007;120:e244–e252
  13. Chang LY , Lin TY , Huang YC , et al.   Comparison of enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 clinical illness during the Taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998 . Ped Infect Dis J . 1999;18:1092–1096
  14. Gelfand HM , LeBlanc DR , Fox JP , Conwell DP . Studies on the development of natural immunity to poliomyelitis in Louisiana. II. Description and analysis of episodes of infection observed in study group households . Am J Hyg . 1957;65:367–385
  15. Kogon A , Spigland I , Frothingham TE , et al.   The Virus Watch program: a continuing surveillance of viral infections in metropolitan New York families. VII. Observations on viral excretion, seroimmunity, intrafamilial spread and illness association in Coxsackie and echovirus infections . Am J Epidemiol . 1969;89:51–61
  16. Morens DM , Pallansch MA , Moore M . Polioviruses and other enteroviruses . In:  Belshe RB editors. Textbook of Human Virology . 2nd edition. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Yearbook; 1991;p. 427–497
  17. Chang LY , Tsao KC , Hsia SH , et al.   Transmission and clinical features of enterovirus 71 infections in household contacts in Taiwan . JAMA . 2004;291:222–227
  18. Chung PW , Huang YC , Chang LY , Lin TY , Ning HC . Duration of enterovirus shedding in stool . J Microbiol Immunol Infect . 2001;34:167–170
  19. Chang LY , Lin TY , Hsu KH , et al.   Clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary oedema after enterovirus 71-related hand, foot, and mouth disease . Lancet . 1999;354:1682–1686
  20. Chang LY , Hsia SH , Wu CT , et al.   Outcome of EV71 infections with or without stage-based management, 1998-2002 . Pediatr Infect Dis J . 2004;23:327–331
  21. Lin TY , Chang LY , Hsai SH , et al.   The 1998 enterovirus 71 outbreak in Taiwan: pathogenesis and management . Clin Infect Dis . 2002;34:S52–S57
  22. Huang CC , Liu CC , Chang YC , Chen CY , Wang ST , Yeh TF . Neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection . N Engl J Med . 1999;341:936–942
  23. Hsueh C , Jung SM , Shih SR , et al.   Acute and fatal encephalomyelitis during an outbreak of enterovirus type 71 infection in Taiwan: report of an autopsy case with pathologic, immunofluorescence and molecular studies . Mod Pathol . 2000;13:1200–1205
  24. Lum LCS , Wong KT , Lam SK , et al.   Fatal enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis . J Pediatr . 1998;133:795–798
  25. Lin TY , Chang LY , Huang YC , et al.   Different proinflammatory reactions in fatal and nonfatal enterovirus 71 infections: implications for early recognition and therapy . Acta Paediatr . 2002;91:632–635
  26. Wang SM , Lei HY , Huang KJ , et al.   Pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis in pediatric patients: roles of cytokines and cellular immune activation in patients with pulmonary edema . J Infect Dis . 2003;188:564–570
  27. Lin TY , Hsia SH , Huang YC , Wu CT , Chang LY . Proinflammatory cytokine reactions in enterovirus 71 infections of the central nervous system . Clin Infect Dis . 2003;36:269–274
  28. Yang KD , Yang MY , Li CC , et al.   Altered cellular but not humoral reactions in children with complicated ente rovirus 71 infections in Taiwan . J Infect Dis . 2001;183:850–856
  29. Chang LY , Hsiung CA , Lu CY , et al.   Status of cellular rather than humoral immunity is correlated with clinical outcome of enterovirus 71 . Pediatr Res . 2006;60:466–471
  30. Chang LY , Huang LM , Gau SF , et al.   Neurodevelopment and cognition in children after enterovirus 71 infection . N Engl J Med . 2007;356:1226–1234
  31. Shih SR , Chen SJ , Hakimelahi GH , Liu HJ , Tseng CT , Shia KS . Selective human enterovirus and rhinovirus inhibitors: an overview of capsid-binding and protease-inhibiting molecules . Med Res Rev . 2004;24:449–474
  32. Groarke JM , Pevear DC . Attenuated virulence of pleconarilresistant Coxsackievirus B3 variants . J Infect Dis . 1999;179:1538–1541
  33. Shia KS , Li WT , Chang CM , et al.   Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of pyridyl imidazolidinones: a novel class of potent and selective human enterovirus 71 inhibitors . J Med Chem . 2002;45:1644–1655
  34. Shih SR , Tsai MC , Tseng SN , et al.   Mutation in enterovirus 71 capsid protein VP1 confers resistance to the inhibitory effects of pyridyl imidazolidinone . Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 2004;48:3523–3529
  35. Chern JH , Shia KS , Hsu TA , et al.   Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines: a novel class of potent enterovirus inhibitors . Bioorg Med Chem Lett . 2004;14:2519–2525
  36. Taiwan CDC . Notifiable Infectious Diseases Statistics Systems: Severe Enteroviral Cases . Available at: http://nidss.cdc.gov.tw/singledisease.aspx?pt=s&dc=1&dt=3&disease=0749 [Date accessed: August 13, 2008]
  37. Yu CK , Chen CC , Chen CL , et al.   Neutralizing antibody provided protection against enterovirus type 71 lethal challenge in neonatal mice . J Biomed Sci . 2000;7:523–528
  38. Wu CN , Lin YC , Fann C , Liao NS , Shih SR , Ho MS . Protection against lethal enterovirus 71 infection in newborn mice by passive immunization with subunit VP1 vaccines and inactivated virus . Vaccine . 2001;20:895–904

PII: S1875-9572(08)60023-6

doi: 10.1016/S1875-9572(08)60023-6

Pediatrics & Neonatology
Volume 49, Issue 4 , Pages 103-112 , August 2008