Pediatrics & Neonatology
Volume 50, Issue 3 , Pages 96-101 , June 2009

Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Findings and Complications of Pediatric Scrub Typhus in Eastern Taiwan

  • Wai-Tim Jim

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Taitung Branch of Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
    • Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Nan-Chang Chiu

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Division of Pediatric Neurology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Wai-Tao Chan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Taitung Branch of Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
    • Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Che-Sheng Ho

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Taitung Branch of Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
    • Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Jui-Hsing Chang

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Taitung Branch of Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
    • Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Shi-Yu Huang

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Taitung Branch of Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
    • Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Sun Wu

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Department of Pediatrics, Paochien Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan

Received 3 March 2008 ,Revised 25 September 2008 ,Accepted 23 October 2008.

References 

  1. Rapmund G . Rickettsial disease of the Far East: new perspectives . J Infect Dis . 1984;149:330–338
  2. Seong SY , Choi MS , Kim IS . Orientia tsutsugamushi infection: overview and immune responses . Microbes Infect . 2001;3:11–21
  3. Chen HL , Chen HY , Horng CB . Surveillance of scrub typhus in Taiwan . Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi . 1993;26:166–170 [In Chinese]
  4. Hatori J . A report of investigation on eruptive lymphadenitis fever in Formosa . J Formos Med Assoc . 1915;147:1–90
  5. Gale JL , Irving GS , Wang HC , Lien JC , Chen WF , Cross JH . Scrub typhus in eastern Taiwan . Am J Trop Med Hyg . 1970;3:679–684
  6. Centers for Disease Control. Department of Health: Statistics of Communicable Diseases and Surveillance Report, Republic of China. 2005.
  7. Centers for Disease Control. Department of Health, Annual Report, Taiwan. 2007.
  8. Fan MY , Walker DH , Yu SR , Liu QH . Epidemiology and ecology of rickettsial diseases in the People's Republic of China . Rev Infect Dis . 1987;9:823–840
  9. Tsay RW , Chang FY . Serious complications in scrub typhus . J Microbiol Immunol Infect . 1998;31:240–244
  10. Lien JC , Lin SY , Lin HM . Field observation on the bionomics of Leptotrombidium deliensis, the vector of scrub typhus in the Pescadores . Acta Med Biol . 1967;15(Suppl):27–31
  11. You SL, Chen CJ, Yang CS. A seroepidemiology study of scrub typhus in Taiwan area. Handbook of the Public Health Association of R.O.C. Annual Conference. 1990:64. [In Chinese]
  12. Silpapojakul K , Chupuppakarn S , Yuthasompob S , et al.   Scrub and murine typhus in children with obscure fever in the tropics . Pediatr Infect Dis J . 1991;10:200–203
  13. Lee HC , Ko WC , Lee HL , Chen HY . Clinical manifestations and complications of rickettsiosis in southern Taiwan . J Formos Med Assoc . 2002;101:385–392
  14. Chanta C , Chanta S . Clinical study of 20 children with scrub typhus at Chiang Rai Regional Hospital . J Med Assoc Thai . 2005;88:1867–1872
  15. Watt G , Parola P . Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses . Curr Opin Infect Dis . 2003;16:429–436
  16. Sirisanthana V , Puthanakit T , Sirisanthana T . Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of scrub typhus in thirty Thai children . Pediatr Infect Dis J . 2003;22:341–345
  17. Ukarapol N , Wongsawasdi L . Hepatic involvement of dengue hemorrhagic fever in pediatric patients . Thai J Pediatr . 2000;39:1–7
  18. Shirai A . Laboratory diagnosis of scrub typhus . Malaysian J Path . 1978;1:11–14
  19. Choi YH , Kim SJ , Lee JY , Pai HJ , Lee KY , Lee YS . Scrub typhus: radiological and clinical findings . Clinical Radiology . 2000;55:140–144
  20. Song WS , Kim KT , Ku YM , et al.   Clinical role of interstitial pneumonia in patients with scrub typhus: a possible marker of disease severity . J Korean Med Sci . 2004;19:668–673
  21. Chen HT , Shaio MF , Lee MC , Wang LS . Scrub typhus with presentation of acute abdomen . Tzu Chi Med J . 2002;14:43–48
  22. Walker D , Raoult D , Dumler JS , Marries T . Rickettsial diseases . In:  Braunwald E ,  Fauci AS ,  Kasper DL ,  Jauser SL ,  Longo DL ,  Jameson JL editor. 15th ed.. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine . Vol 1: Tokyo: McGraw-Hill; 2001;p. 1065–1073
  23. Saah AJ . Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus) . In:  Mandell GL ,  Bennett JE ,  Dolin R editor. 5th ed.. Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease . Vol 2: Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2000;p. 2056–2057
  24. Watt G , Kantipong P , Jongsakul K , Watcharapichat P , Phulsuksombati D , Strickman D . Doxycycline and rifampicin for mild scrub-typhus infections in northern Thailand: a randomised trial . Lancet . 2000;356:1057–1061
  25. Nagano I , Kasuya S , Noda N , Yamashita T . Virulence in mice of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from patients in a new endemic area in Japan . Microbiol Immunol . 1996;40:743–747
  26. Allen AC , Spitz S . A comparative study of the pathology of scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) and other rickettsial diseases . Am J Pathol . 1945;21:602–681
  27. Ogawa M , Hagiwara T , Kishimoto T , et al.   Scrub typhus in Japan: epidemiology and clinical features of cases reported in 1998 . Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2002;67:162–165
  28. Tsay RW , Chang FY . Acute respiratory distress syndrome in scrub typhus . QJM . 2002;95:126–128
  29. Kim YS , Yun HJ , Shim SK , Koo SH , Kim SY , Kim S . A comparative trial of a single dose of azithromycin versus doxyclyline for the treatment of mild scrub typhus . Clin Infect Dis . 2004;39:1329–1335

PII: S1875-9572(09)60043-7

doi: 10.1016/S1875-9572(09)60043-7

Pediatrics & Neonatology
Volume 50, Issue 3 , Pages 96-101 , June 2009